The peptide library

The nerve-acting fragment of ACTH, developed as a drug candidate for nerve damage and cognitive decline, and abandoned.

A fragment of human growth hormone marketed for fat loss. Human trials were completed — and did not show meaningful weight loss.

An erythropoietin-derived peptide that targets tissue repair rather than red blood cells; small trials, mixed results, no approval.

The approved melanotan: a tanning-hormone analogue licensed for a rare light-sensitivity disease, not for tanning.

The brain's main growth factor for plasticity: essential, widely measured, and not something a supplement can deliver.

A synthetic fragment of a gastric protein, widely promoted online for injury recovery. Human trial evidence is very thin; almost all data comes from animal studies.

A direct thrombin inhibitor peptide used as the anticoagulant during coronary stenting, including in heparin allergy.

A boronic-acid dipeptide that blocks the proteasome, and the drug that made multiple myeloma far more treatable.

The melanocortin peptide approved as Vyleesi for low sexual desire in premenopausal women — an on-demand drug, not a tanning product.

A modified growth-hormone-releasing hormone analogue whose albumin binding gives it an unusually long action. Studied in small human trials; not an approved medicine.

The classic growth-hormone stack in one vial: a GHRH fragment with a secretagogue, unapproved and prohibited in sport.

The short-acting sister of CJC-1295: a GHRH fragment that produces brief growth-hormone pulses instead of sustained elevation.

A long-acting amylin analogue that slows digestion and reduces appetite, studied alone and combined with semaglutide for obesity.

An irreversible proteasome inhibitor peptide used in relapsed multiple myeloma.

A porcine brain peptide mixture licensed in parts of Eastern Europe and Asia for stroke and dementia, without EMA or FDA approval.

A GnRH antagonist used in fertility treatment to stop ovulation happening before egg collection.

A last-resort lipopeptide antibiotic kept for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections, at the cost of kidney toxicity.

Hydrolysed collagen sold as a food supplement for skin, joints and bone. Modest, real effects in trials — but far smaller than supplement marketing suggests.

A polypeptide extract of animal brain cortex used in Russia for cognitive complaints, with no Western regulatory review.

A somatostatin-like brain peptide studied for slow-wave sleep and memory, with rodent data only.

The active first 24 amino acids of ACTH, licensed mainly as the standard test for adrenal function.

Delta sleep-inducing peptide, a naturally occurring peptide studied in the 1980s for sleep and stress. Research largely stalled and human evidence is weak.

A long-acting lipoglycopeptide that treats serious skin infections with one or two doses instead of a week of infusions.

A lipopeptide antibiotic that disrupts bacterial membranes, approved for MRSA bloodstream and skin infections but not pneumonia.

An eight-amino-acid neuroprotective peptide that reached phase 3 trials for a rare brain disease and failed.

A GnRH antagonist that suppresses testosterone immediately, without the initial hormone flare of agonists.

A long-acting vasopressin analogue approved for central diabetes insipidus, bedwetting and mild bleeding disorders.

A synaptogenic peptide with striking rodent results and zero human data — one of the least evidenced compounds sold as a nootropic.

A once-weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist approved for type 2 diabetes, with proven cardiovascular benefit in people at high risk.

A recombinant plasma kallikrein inhibitor for acute hereditary angioedema attacks, given under medical supervision.

The first HIV fusion inhibitor, an injected peptide that blocks the virus from entering cells.

A short synthetic peptide derived from the pineal gland, promoted for longevity and melatonin regulation. Its human evidence is anecdotal, not clinical.

A cyclic peptide platelet blocker used during angioplasty and in acute coronary syndromes.

A GLP-1 receptor agonist derived from Gila monster saliva, approved for type 2 diabetes in twice-daily and once-weekly forms.

A senolytic peptide that clears aged cells in mice; a laboratory tool, not a tested human therapy.

A copper-binding tripeptide found naturally in human plasma and skin, used in cosmetic formulations for skin remodelling and studied for wound healing.

A potent ghrelin-receptor secretagogue used in some countries as a growth-hormone test; sold unapproved for body composition.

A ghrelin-receptor secretagogue that reliably raises growth hormone and hunger; unapproved and prohibited in sport.

A three-peptide skin-and-repair blend sold on collagen and healing claims that no trial has tested.

A three-amino-acid fragment of IGF-1 studied as a neuroprotective agent in Parkinson's and stroke models.

A 29-amino-acid brain peptide that dampens cholinergic signalling, studied in memory and Alzheimer's research.

A synthetic polypeptide that dampens autoimmune attack in relapsing multiple sclerosis.

The pancreatic hormone that raises blood glucose, licensed as emergency treatment for severe hypoglycaemia.

The body's main antioxidant tripeptide: biology well established, infused and oral products much less so.

A GnRH agonist implant that suppresses ovarian or testicular hormone production for one or three months.

One of the strongest growth-hormone secretagogues in its class, studied mostly for hormone release and, in animals, for heart effects.

A mitochondrial peptide studied for cell protection and metabolism; the biology is real, the injected product is not.

A long-acting laboratory analogue of insulin-like growth factor 1, sold for muscle growth with almost no human data behind it.

A bradykinin receptor blocker given under the skin to abort hereditary angioedema attacks.

A long-acting insulin analogue that provides a flat basal insulin level over roughly 24 hours.

Ordinary insulin sprayed into the nose to reach the brain, studied for memory and Alzheimer's with mixed results.

A selective growth hormone secretagogue studied for its relatively clean release of growth hormone with less effect on appetite and stress hormones than earlier peptides.

A four-peptide repair and skin stack: animal data on each part, nothing at all on the combination.

A three-amino-acid fragment of alpha-MSH promoted for gut and skin inflammation. Anti-inflammatory in cells and animals; there are no human trials at all.

The neuropeptide that switches on the reproductive axis. Used in research to trigger ovulation and to probe why puberty and fertility fail.

The body's own antimicrobial peptide, studied for wound healing and infection; a research compound, not a treatment.

A long-acting somatostatin analogue approved for acromegaly and gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours.

A synthetic peptide designed to tighten the gut lining in coeliac disease. Promising in mid-stage trials, then failed its phase 3 primary endpoint.

A GnRH agonist that shuts down sex-hormone production when given continuously; approved for prostate cancer, endometriosis, fibroids and early puberty.

An oral peptide that stimulates fluid secretion in the gut, approved for irritable bowel syndrome with constipation.

A once-daily GLP-1 receptor agonist approved for type 2 diabetes and weight management, and the first in its class shown to reduce cardiovascular events.

A once-daily GLP-1 receptor agonist approved for type 2 diabetes, often paired with basal insulin.

A muscle-derived IGF-1 variant sold for local repair; every claim rests on animal and cell work.

A mitochondrial-derived peptide studied for metabolic control; the biology is new and human trials are tiny.

Recombinant IGF-1, licensed for the rare children whose growth failure comes from an IGF-1 deficiency that growth hormone cannot fix.

A synthetic melanocortin analogue originally studied as a tanning and sexual-health drug. Abandoned as a medicine and sold illegally as a tanning product.

A chemically modified Semax heptapeptide sold as a research chemical, with no human trials of the modified form.

A coenzyme central to cellular energy, sold as an infusion for ageing and fatigue on modest, indirect human evidence.

Recombinant human BNP, licensed in the US for acute decompensated heart failure, with neutral symptom benefit in large trials.

One of the brain's most abundant peptides, studied intranasally for stress resilience and memory.

The first synthetic somatostatin analogue, approved for acromegaly, neuroendocrine tumours and variceal bleeding.

The hypothalamic peptide that keeps the brain awake; studied intranasally for alertness, not available as a drug.

The labour hormone, used in every obstetric unit in the world. Its 'bonding' reputation rest on much weaker human evidence than its obstetric record.

A four-amino-acid fragment of ciliary neurotrophic factor studied in mice for neurogenesis, and nowhere near human trials.

A 38-amino-acid neuropeptide used to provoke migraine in research; not a treatment for focus or memory.

A Russian 'bioregulator' tripeptide sold for brain and sleep claims, with no Western clinical trials behind it.

A second-generation guanylate cyclase-C agonist peptide licensed for chronic constipation and IBS with constipation.

A synthetic amylin analogue licensed in the US as an addition to mealtime insulin in type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Synthetic thyrotropin-releasing hormone: an approved diagnostic injection whose brain-related uses failed in trials.

An investigational triple agonist acting on GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptors, with the largest weight loss reported for any peptide in an early trial. Not approved and not available outside studies.

A four-amino-acid peptide that targets the inner mitochondrion to stabilise energy production; mixed results in its main trials.

A fish-derived hormone that slows bone breakdown, still used for Paget's disease and cancer-related high calcium. Its osteoporosis use was withdrawn in Europe over a cancer signal.

A synthetic peptide developed in Russia as an anxiolytic, registered there as a medicine. Western trial data are minimal, so claims should be read cautiously.

A long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist approved for type 2 diabetes and chronic weight management. The most thoroughly studied peptide drug in its class.

A Russian-registered synthetic peptide derived from ACTH, used as a nasal spray for stroke recovery and cognitive disorders. Western evidence is minimal.

A GHRH fragment that briefly triggers growth-hormone release; it once had a licensed diagnostic use and now circulates only as a research or compounded product.

A synthetic fragment of thymosin beta-4, studied in animals for wound healing and cell migration. No approved status and no robust human trials.

A GLP-2 analogue that helps the remaining bowel adapt in short bowel syndrome, reducing the need for intravenous feeding.

A long-acting glycopeptide antibiotic used in Europe for serious Gram-positive infections, with once-daily dosing.

The active fragment of human parathyroid hormone, used as the main bone-building treatment for severe osteoporosis. Strong evidence, and a good example of dose timing changing a drug's entire effect.

A slow-release vasopressin analogue licensed for hepatorenal syndrome and bleeding oesophageal varices.

A stabilised growth-hormone-releasing hormone analogue approved for excess visceral fat in HIV-associated lipodystrophy — and for nothing else.

A Russian thymus-extract peptide sold for immune support, with a literature that has never been independently replicated.

A synthetic thymic peptide registered as a medicine in several countries and studied as an immune modulator in hepatitis and sepsis. Not approved in the US or EU.

A dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist approved for type 2 diabetes and weight management, with larger average weight loss than GLP-1-only agonists in trials.

A long-acting GnRH agonist approved for prostate cancer, endometriosis and puberty that starts too early.

A 28-amino-acid neuropeptide involved in circadian rhythm and brain inflammation, with no approved cognitive use.

The reference glycopeptide antibiotic for serious MRSA infections, and an oral treatment for C. difficile.

A two-peptide repair stack sold as one vial: the components have animal data, the combination has none.

A cone-snail peptide that blocks pain-conducting calcium channels, delivered only into the spinal fluid by pump.