KPV

KPV is a tripeptide (lysine-proline-valine) that forms the tail end of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. It is sold as a research chemical in oral, topical and injectable forms. It is not an approved medicine anywhere, has no established human dose, and all of the published data come from cell cultures and animal models.

1. 1

   In laboratory studies it reduces activation of NF-κB, a master switch for inflammatory signalling.

2. 2

   It appears to interact with melanocortin receptors, particularly MC1 and MC3, which are involved in resolving inflammation.

3. 3

   In intestinal cell models it strengthens barrier function and reduces secretion of inflammatory cytokines.

4. 4

   Because it is only three amino acids long it survives digestion better than larger peptides, which is the rationale for oral use — but that rationale has not been tested in people.

• Reduced colon inflammation scores in mouse colitis models
• Lower cytokine release in intestinal cell cultures
• Improved barrier integrity in laboratory models
• No human pharmacokinetic or efficacy data have been published

1. 01KPV tripeptide anti-inflammatory effects — PubMed literature search
2. 02KPV and intestinal inflammation models — PubMed literature search

References link to published literature, regulator pages or literature indexes. Where a link points to a search, it collects the peer-reviewed work on that molecule rather than a single study.